In this Geoshortqa we are going to know about types of Sand Dunes. Types of Sand Dunes, Geoshortqa Sand Dunes Sand dunes are heaps of sand found in deserts . Generally , their heights vary from a few metres to 20m , but in some cases dunes are several hundred metres high and 5 to 8 km long . The formation of sand dunes requires • Wind of high velocity • Abundant sand • Obstacles such as trees , bushes , forests , rock outcrops , walls against , which dunes may settle • Ideal places i.e. dune complex , dune colony or dune chain . Dunes formed due to obstacles like hushes , walls etc. are called nebkhas , where dune formed besides desert depressions are called lunettes. Dunes are classified on the basis of morphology , structure , orientation , location , internal structure , ground pattern and number of slip faces . These are the various types of sand dunes a) Transverse Dunes are dunes deposited transverse to the prevailing winds direct...
In this Geoshortqa we know about Environment Protection Act, 1986
The Environment Protection Act of 1986 (EPA) was enacted by the Government of India under Article 253 of the Indian Constitution. The Act came in as a result of the Bhopal gas tragedy as well as India's commitment to follow United Nations Conference on the Human Environment that took place at Stockholm in June 1972.
Under the Environment Protection Act , 1986 of India , a notification was issued in February 1991 , for regulation of activities in the coastal area by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF).
As per the notification , the coastal land up to 500m from High Tide Line and a stage of 100m along banks of creeks , lagoons, estuaries, backwater and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations, is called the Coastal Regulation Zone .
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| Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), geoshortqa |
Coastal Regulation Zone in the country has been placed in four categories :-
CRZ-1: These are ecologically sensitive areas these are essential in maintaining the ecosystem of the coast. They lie between low and high tide line. Exploration of natural gas and extraction of salt are permitted
CRZ-2: These areas are urban areas located in the coastal areas. Under Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification 2018, the floor space index norms has been de-freezed.[5]
CRZ-3: Rural and urban localities which fall outside the 1 and 2. Only certain activities related to agriculture even some public facilities are allowed in this zone
CRZ-4: This lies in the aquatic area up to territorial limits. Fishing and allied activities are permitted in this zone. No Solid waste should be let off in this zone. This zone has been changed from 1991 notification, which covered coastal stretches in islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
Objective of CRZ Regulations
- To promote sustainable development based on scientific principles taking into account the natural hazards such as increasing sea levels due to global warming.
- To conserve and protect the environment of coastal stretches and marine areas.
- Livelihood security to the fisher communities and other local communities in the coastal area. Enhanced activities in the coastal regions are regulated, promoting economic growth and also conserving the coastal regions.
- Significant employment generation and better living standards to add value to the economy of India.
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